05 Nov 2020 5:24 pm
The animals and plants which are on the verge of extinction are called Endangered species.
Endangered animals:
Animal | Habitat |
1. One-Horned Rhinocerous | The Himalayan foothhills of India it can be spotted in Kaziranga National Park, Dudhwan Tiger reserve, Probitora Wildlife Sanctuary. |
2. Nilgiri Tahr | The Tropical rainforests of the Western Ghats and it can be spotted in Nilgiri hills, Animallai hills, Periyar wildlife sanctuary. |
3. Bengal Tigers | Deciduous forests, tropical everegreen forests, thorn forests and grass jungles and can be spotted in Tadoba National park, Jim corbett National Park, Sariska Tiger Reserve, Bandhavgarh National park. |
4. Asiatic Lions | Sasan Gir jungle area and can be spotted only in Gir National park. |
5. Blackbucks or the Indian Antilopes | Plains, Grasslands and scrubs and can be spotted in Ranthambore National park, Corbett National park, Kanha National park. |
6. Lion Tailed Mascaque | Tropical forests of the Western ghatsn and can be soppoted in Silent Valley National park, Mundanthural Tiger Reserve. |
Plant | Scientific name | Region |
Malavuram | Pterospermum reticulartam | Tamil Nadu |
Ebony Tree | Diospyros Celibica | Karnataka |
Malabar Lily | Chlorophytum malabaricum | Tamil Nadu |
Spider Wort | Belosynapsis vivipara | Madhya Pradesh |
jeemikanda | Ceropegia Odarata | Gujarat and Rajasthan |
Sr.no. | Type of Forest | Characteristics | Regions in India | Regions in Brazil |
1 | Tropical Forests | 1.Broad-leaved evergreen trees | ||
2 | Semi arid thornyvegetation | 1.2. | ||
3 | Savannah | 1. Scanty bushes and shlike trees andrain-resistant grass | ||
4 | Tropicalsemi-deciduous | 1. Mixed type of vegetation | ||
5 | Grasslands | 1. Grass land region like the Pampas of Argentina |
Sr.no. | Type of Forest | Characteristics | Regions in India | Regions in Brazil |
1 | Tropical Forests | 1.Broad-leaved evergreen trees | western ghats | guyuna highland |
2 | Semi arid thornyvegetation | 1.Less than 500 mm of rainfall2. small sized leaves | deccan plateau | caatinga |
3 | Savannah | 1. Scanty bushes and shlike trees andrain-resistant grass | terai grasslands | cerrado |
4 | Tropicalsemi-deciduous | 1. Mixed type of vegetation | northern plains | parana basin |
5 | Grasslands | 1. Grassland region like the Pampas ofArgentina | shola graslands | pampas |
a) Evergreen Forests | (i) Sundar trees |
b) Deciduous Frests | (ii) Pine |
c) Coastal Forests | (iii) Pau Brasil |
d) Himalayan Forests | (iv) Khejadi |
e) Thorny and bush-type vegetation | (v) Teak |
(vi) Orchid | |
(vii) Sal |
a) Evergreen Forests | iii) Pau Brasil, vi) Orchid |
b) Deciduous Frests | v) Teak |
c) Coastal Forests | i) Sundar trees |
d) Himalayan Forests | ii) Pine, vii) Sal |
e) Thorny and bush-type vegetation | iv) Khejadi |
BRAZIL | INDIA |
1. Evergreen forest: concentrated in one area around the amazon river basin. | 1.Evergreen forests: Unevenly spread across country with concentration in western ghats and the north east |
2. Brazil does not have coastal forest | 2. Indiha has Himalayan and coastal forests |
3. 23 per cent area covered by forest. | 3. 19 per cent area covered by forest. |
Environmental issues:
1. Commercial activities like poaching and habitat destruction has led to the extinction of many species.
2. Deforestation is the leading cause for the destruction of forests which in turn effects the environment badly.
3. Other issues include deforestation in the Amazon basin, illegal wildlife trade, air and water pollution, land degradation caused by mining activities, wetland degradation and severe oil spills, among others.
Causes of degradation of forests:
1. Deforestation is the major cause for degradation of forests. It is done for mining, building dams, expanding agriculture etc.
2. Industrial development has caused degradation of forests through pollution, over-exploitation, encroachments etc.
Rainforests have decreased in size primarily due to deforestation.
Despite reductions in the deforestation rate over the last ten years, the Amazon rainforest will be reduced by 40% by 2030 at the current rate.
Deciduous forests require foll. conditions ot grow which are found in most parts of India:
1. Rainfall between 70-200 cm.
2. hot and humid climate.
Common trees are teak, mulberry, bamboo, sandal wood, etc. It is found majorly in Northern, Central and Southern India.
The northern part of Brazil is closest to the equator and therefore receives maximum rainfall.
Evergreen forests are found in this region around the Amazon basin as it rains throughout the year.
These are highly dense in terms of both vegetation and wildlife.
Because of the deposition of sediments brought up by the river amazon and as the amazon canal is 150km in width, it forms ideal conditions in terms of soil and water for the growth of dense forests.
Also, there is plenty of sunlight in Brazil as the Tropic of Capricorn passes through it.
Vegetation is scarce in the high altitudes of Himalayas because of two reasons:
1. extremely cold weather.
2. top is covered with snow.
Only seasonally flowering trees are found in the high altitudes.
A wide variety of insects is found in Brazil because it has a high diversity and density of wildlife in the Amazon rainforests.
Evergreen forests are found in this region around the Amazon basin as it rains throughout the year.
Because of the deposition of sediments brought up by the river amazon and as the amazon canal is 150km in width, it forms ideal conditions in terms of soil and water for the growth of dense forests.
Apart from the numerous species found in the tropical rainforests of north, they are also found in the swamps, grasslands, deciduous forests etc.
Wildlife in India is decreasing day by day due to many reasons which are as below:
1. habitat destruction through deforestation and pollution.
2. Illegal activities like poaching.
3. Human animal conflict
Government is taking various initiatives to protect the wildlife of India by bringing in laws against poaching and creating awareness on animal protection like the ‘Project Tiger’, etc.
A wide variety of wildlife is found in Brazil because it has high diversity, especially in the Amazon rainforests.
Evergreen forests are found in this region around the Amazon basin as it rains throughout the year.
Because of the deposition of sediments brought up by the river amazon and as the amazon canal is 150km in width, it forms ideal conditions in terms of soil and water for the growth of dense forests.
Apart from the numerous species found in the tropical rainforests of the north, they are also found in the swamps, grasslands, deciduous forests, etc.
Forests in Brazil also need conservation like India because they are under the threat of commercial activities like deforestation and pollution.
Traditional agricultural practice like slash and burn is also a cause of destruction.
In India, the government is taking various initiatives to protect the wildlife of India by bringing in laws against poaching and creating awareness on animal protection like the ‘Project Tiger’, etc.